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Main methods and applications of fabric hardness testing

Abstract: 本文详细探讨了织物硬度测试的主要方法及其应用，包括压缩测试、弯曲测试、剥离测试和回弹测试。压缩测试通过施加压力测量织物的压缩程度，适用于评估填充材料的舒适性；弯曲测试测量织物在弯曲时的刚度，常用于评估面料的垂坠性和手感；剥离测试通过施加拉力测量织物的耐磨性和强度，适用于包装材料等；回弹测试则测量织物在压缩后恢复原状的能力，用于评估弹性织物的表现。文章还介绍了相关的国际标准，如ISO9073和ASTMD1388，以及织物硬度测试在服装制造、家居用品、汽车行业和包装行业中的实际应用案例。织物硬度测试不仅帮助确定织物的手感和舒适性，还对其耐用性和适用性起着重要作用。

Fabric hardness testing is the process of measuring the hardness or stiffness of a fabric when subjected to an external force, which helps determine the feel, comfort, durability, and suitability of the fabric.

The main methods of fabric hardness testing

Compression testing

Principle: A fabric sample is placed on a test platform and a predetermined pressure is applied. Measure the degree to which a fabric is compressed under pressure.

Equipment: A compression Hardness Tester is usually used, which can accurately measure the deformation of a fabric after being subjected to pressure.

Application: Used to evaluate the softness and comfort of padding materials (e.g. mattresses, cushions).

Flexure test

Principle: Measure the stiffness of a fabric when it is bent. A fabric sample is usually suspended from a Tester and then a bending force is applied to measure how much it bends.

Device: Use a flexure Hardness Tester or softness meter.

Application: Used to evaluate the drape and feel of fabrics, such as the softness of garment fabrics.

Peel test

Principle: Test the hardness of a fabric during tearing or peeling. The resistance of a fabric is measured by applying a tensile force.

Device: Use a peel Hardness Tester or tear Tester.

Application: Used to evaluate the abrasion resistance and strength of fabrics, commonly used in the testing of packaging materials and abrasion resistant fabrics.

Rebound test

Principle: Measure the ability of a fabric to return to its original shape after being compressed. That is, whether the fabric can quickly return to its original form after removing the pressure.

Device: Rebound Hardness Tester is used.

Application: Used to evaluate the elasticity and morphological retention ability of fabrics, such as testing for sportswear and elastic fabrics.

Textile Hardness Tester 1

Relevant standards and norms

ISO Standards: The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) offers a variety of textile testing standards, such as ISO9073 (Physical Property Testing of Fabrics).

ASTM Standards: The United States Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) also provides relevant methods for testing the hardness of fabrics, such as ASTMD1388 (Testing of Softness and Stiffness of Fabrics).

Practical application examples

  • garment manufacturing,Hardness testing is used to ensure that the softness of the fabric is suitable for different seasons and uses. For example, winter coats require stiffer fabrics to maintain their shape, while summer shirts require softer fabrics for added comfort.

  • household items,Test the hardness of the filling material of mattresses, sofa cushions, etc., to ensure their comfort and durability. Materials with moderate hardness and softness can provide better support and comfort.

  • automotive industry,Testing the hardness of car seats and interior materials to improve driving comfort and safety. Ensure that the material behaves consistently over time.

  • packaging industry,Evaluate the hardness and durability of packaging materials to ensure they effectively protect products and reduce damage during transportation.

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