The secret of paint characteristics [full]
1. Acrylic latex paint:
Acrylic latex paint is generally composed of acrylic emulsion, pigments and fillers, water, and additives. It has the advantages of moderate cost, excellent weather resistance, good performance adjustability, and no organic solvent release. It is a type of coating product that has developed very rapidly recently. Mainly used for interior and exterior wall coating of buildings, leather coating, etc. Recently, new varieties such as latex paint for woodware and self-crosslinking latex paint have appeared. Acrylic latex paint can be divided into pure acrylic, styrene acrylic, silicon acrylic, vinegar acrylic and other varieties according to the different emulsions.
2. Solvent-based acrylic paint:
Solvent-based acrylic paint has excellent weather resistance and high mechanical properties, and is a type of paint that is developing rapidly at present. Solvent-based acrylic paint can be divided into self-drying acrylic paint (thermoplastic type) and cross-linked curing type acrylic paint (thermosetting type), the former is a non-conversion coating, and the latter is a conversion coating. Self-drying acrylic coatings are mainly used in architectural coatings, plastic coatings, electronic coatings, road marking coatings, etc., and have the advantages of fast surface drying, easy construction, and obvious protective and decorative effects. The disadvantage is that the solid content is not easy to be too high, the hardness and elasticity are not easy to balance, and a thick coating film cannot be obtained in one construction, and the fullness of the coating film is not satisfactory. Cross-linked curing acrylic paint mainly includes acrylic amino paint, acrylic polyurethane paint, acrylic alkyd paint, radiation curing acrylic paint and other varieties. Widely used in automotive coatings, electrical coatings, wood coatings, architectural coatings, etc. Cross-linked curable acrylic coatings generally have a high solid content, a thick coating film can be obtained in one coating, and have excellent mechanical properties, and can be made into coatings with high weather resistance, high fullness, high elasticity, and high hardness. The disadvantage is that the construction of two-component coatings is more troublesome. Many varieties also need heat curing or radiation curing. They have relatively high requirements on environmental conditions, and generally require better equipment and more skilled coating skills.
3. Polyurethane paint:
Polyurethane coatings are currently the most common type of coatings, which can be divided into two-component polyurethane coatings and one-component polyurethane coatings. Two-component polyurethane topcoat paint is generally composed of isocyanate prepolymers (also known as low molecular carbamate ester polymers) and hydroxyl resins, commonly known as curing agent components and main agent components. There are many varieties of this type of coating, and the application range is also very wide. According to the difference of the hydroxyl group-containing components, it can be divided into acrylic polyurethane, alkyd polyurethane, polyester polyurethane, polyether polyurethane, epoxy polyurethane and other varieties. Generally, they have good mechanical properties, high solid content, and good performance in all aspects. It is a kind of coating variety with great development prospect at present. The main application directions are wood coatings, automotive repair coatings, anti-corrosion coatings, floor coatings, electronic coatings, special coatings, etc. The disadvantage is that the construction process is complicated, the construction environment is very demanding, and the paint film is prone to disadvantages. One-component polyurethane coatings mainly include polyurethane oil coatings, moisture-curing polyurethane coatings, and closed polyurethane coatings. The application area is not as wide as two-component coatings, mainly used for floor coatings, anti-corrosion coatings, pre-coil coatings, etc., and its overall performance is not as comprehensive as two-component coatings
Fourth, nitro paint:
Nitro lacquer is a relatively common wood and decoration coating at present. The advantages are good decorative effect, simple construction, fast drying, low requirements on the coating environment, good hardness and brightness, less prone to paint film defects, and easy repair. The disadvantage is that the solid content is low, and more constructions are needed to achieve better results; the durability is not very good, especially for internal use of nitro paint, which has poor gloss and color retention, and it is easy to use it for a long time Disadvantages such as loss of light, cracking, and discoloration appear; the paint film has poor protection, is not resistant to organic solvents, is not heat-resistant, and is not resistant to corrosion. The main film-forming material of nitro lacquer is mainly nitrocellulose, combined with alkyd resin, modified rosin resin, acrylic resin, amino resin and other soft and hard resins. Generally, plasticizers such as dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, and oxidized castor oil need to be added. Solvents mainly include true solvents such as esters, ketones, and alcohol ethers, co-solvents such as alcohols, and diluents such as benzene. Nitro lacquer is mainly used in wood and furniture coating, home decoration, general decorative coating, metal coating, general cement coating and so on.
5. Epoxy paint:
Epoxy paint is a class of industrial coatings that has developed extremely rapidly in recent years. Generally speaking, coatings containing more epoxy groups in their composition are collectively referred to as epoxy paints. The main variety of epoxy paint is two-component paint, which is composed of epoxy resin and curing agent. There are also some one-component self-drying varieties, but there is a certain gap in performance compared with two-component coatings. The main advantage of epoxy paint is that it has strong adhesion to inorganic materials such as cement and metal; the paint itself is very corrosion-resistant; it has excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance and impact resistance; it can be made into solvent-free or high-solid paint; it is resistant to organic solvents , heat-resistant, water-resistant; non-toxic coating. The disadvantage is that the weather resistance is not good, and chalking may occur after long exposure to sunlight, so it can only be used for primers or interior paints; the decoration is poor, and the gloss is not easy to maintain; the requirements for the construction environment are high, and the coating film at low temperature The curing is slow and the effect is not good; many varieties require high temperature curing, and the investment in coating equipment is relatively large. Epoxy resin coatings are mainly used in floor coating, automotive primer, metal anti-corrosion, chemical anti-corrosion, etc.
Six, amino paint:
The amino paint is mainly composed of two parts, one is the amino resin component, mainly including butylated melamine formaldehyde resin, methyl etherified melamine formaldehyde resin, butylated urea-formaldehyde resin and other resins. The second is the hydroxyl resin part, mainly including short and medium oil alkyd resins, hydroxyl-containing acrylic resins, epoxy resins and other resins. Except for urea-formaldehyde resin paints (commonly known as acid-cured paints) used in wood coatings, the main varieties of amino paints need to be cured by heating. Generally, the curing temperature is above 100°C and the curing time is above 20 minutes. The performance of the cured paint film is very good, the paint film is hard and plump, bright and gorgeous, firm and durable, and has a good decorative and protective effect. The disadvantage is that it has high requirements for coating equipment and high energy consumption, so it is not suitable for small-scale production. Amino paints are mainly used for automotive topcoats, furniture coatings, household appliances coatings, various metal surface coatings, instrumentation and industrial equipment coatings.
7. Alkyd paint:
Alkyd paints are mainly composed of alkyd resins. It is a type of coating with a large domestic production volume. It has the advantages of cheap price, simple construction, low requirements on the construction environment, full and hard coating film, good durability and weather resistance, good decoration and protection, etc. The disadvantage is that the drying is slow, the coating film is not easy to meet the higher requirements, and it is not suitable for high decorative occasions. Alkyd paint is mainly used for general wood, furniture and home decoration coating, general metal decorative coating, metal anti-corrosion coating with low requirements, general agricultural machinery, automobile, instrumentation, industrial equipment coating, etc.
Eight, unsaturated polyester paint:
Unsaturated polyester paint is also a type of paint that has developed rapidly recently, and is divided into two categories: air-drying unsaturated polyester and radiation-curing (light-curing) unsaturated polyester. The main advantage is that it can be made into a solvent-free paint, and a thicker paint film can be obtained by one brushing. The disadvantage is that the shrinkage rate of the paint film is large during curing, and the adhesion to the substrate is prone to problems. Air-drying unsaturated polyester generally requires polishing treatment, and the procedures are more cumbersome. Radiation-curing unsaturated polyester has higher requirements for coating equipment. High, not suitable for small production. Unsaturated polyester paint is mainly used in furniture, wooden floor, metal anticorrosion and so on.
Nine, vinyl paint:
Vinyl paints include chlorinated vinegar copolymer resin paints, polyvinyl butyral paints, vinylidene chloride, perchlorethylene, and chlorosulfonated polyethylene paints. The main advantages of vinyl paint are weather resistance, chemical resistance, water resistance, insulation, mildew resistance, and good flexibility. Its shortcomings are mainly manifested in general heat resistance, difficulty in making high-solid coatings, general mechanical properties, and poor decorative properties. Vinyl paint is mainly used in industrial anti-corrosion coatings, electrical insulation coatings, phosphating primers, metal coatings, exterior coatings, etc.
10. Phenolic paint:
Phenolic resins are the condensation products of phenols and aldehydes in the presence of catalysts. Oil-soluble phenolic resins are mainly used in the paint industry to make paints. The advantages of phenolic paint are fast drying, bright and hard paint film, good water resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. The disadvantage is that it is easy to turn yellow, it is not suitable to be made into light-colored paint, and the weather resistance is not good. Phenolic paint is mainly used in anti-corrosion coatings, insulating coatings, general metal coatings, general decorative coatings, etc. Help you know the paint
Today, with the development of living standards, consumers' requirements for home decoration are also increasingly striving for quality, environmental protection and health. But for the most basic knowledge of thousands of paint brands and paint itself in the market, everyone has nothing to do.
Briefly introduce some basic knowledge about paint, hoping to help consumers.
1. What is a diluent?
The film-forming substance cannot be dissolved alone in the paint, but the volatile liquid used to dilute the ready-made film-forming substance solution becomes a diluent. During paint construction, it is often used to adjust the viscosity of the paint and clean construction tools and equipment. Which diluent to use should be determined according to the nature of the main film-forming substances contained in the paint.
2. What is curing agent?
The curing agent is called hardener, which is a substance that can cross-link with the film-forming substance to make it dry and form a film. Different film-forming resins should use different curing agents, and the amount of curing agent used is too small. The paint film cures slowly, and the paint film tends to become soft; if the amount of curing agent is too much, the paint film cures quickly, and the paint film tends to become brittle and not resistant to aging.
3. What is paint?
Commonly known as "paint", it is a material that can be covered on the surface of objects with different construction techniques.
The role of coatings: protective, decorative, functional
4. Composition of coating
Usually, it includes four components: film-forming substances, pigments, additives, and solvents.
1. Film-forming substances
Also known as base material, the most basic characteristic is that it can form a thin film after construction, and it mainly plays the role of bonding other components in the coating to form a coating film.
2. Pigment
◇Make the coating film present a variety of colors and covering functions
◇Enhance the mechanical properties and durability of the coating film
◇Provide specific functions, such as insect protection, conductivity, fire prevention, temperature display, etc.
3. Additives
It is an auxiliary material of paint, and it cannot form a film by itself, but it plays a major role in the production, storage and construction of paint. Such as defoamer, leveling agent, drier, dustproof agent
4. Solvent
Its function is to dissolve the film-forming substance into a liquid state, which is convenient for construction. After construction, it volatilizes from the paint film into the atmosphere, making the liquid film into a solid state, so it is also called volatile matter. Commonly used solvents include aliphatic hydrocarbons (such as turpentine), aromatic hydrocarbons (such as toluene, xylene), alcohols, ethers, ketones, etc., and are divided into true solvents and co-solvents according to their ability to dissolve film-forming substances.
Classification of paint
1. Classification of paints. At present, there are more than a thousand kinds of paints on the market, with various colors and inconsistent names, but according to the properties of ingredients
In summary, the commonly used paints are divided into the following categories:
A. Lacquer, also known as natural lacquer, can be divided into raw lacquer and cooked lacquer. Raw lacquer is poisonous and has a rough paint film, so it is rarely used directly. It is processed into mature lacquer or modified to make various refined lacquers. The cooked lacquer is suitable for drying in a humid environment. The resulting paint film has good gloss, toughness, high stability and strong acid resistance, but it dries slowly. The modified quick-drying varnish and varnish have low toxicity, tough paint film, can be sprayed and brushed, easy to construct, acid-resistant and water-resistant, suitable for advanced coating.
B. Clear oil, also known as cooked oil and varnish oil. It can be used as the oil used in the preparation of original paint and anti-rust paint, or it can be used alone. Some clear oils (thinning thick paint and red lead) can be applied to wood or metal alone to prevent rust and corrosion. Adding an appropriate amount of pigment can be made into colored clear oil. C, thick paint, also known as lead oil. It is made by mixing and grinding pigments and soil oils. It needs to be diluted with oil, solvents, etc. before it can be used. It is widely used as a primer for the surface layer, and it can also be used as a surface layer coating alone. It is suitable for building and wood primers with low requirements, and filling materials for water pipe joints.
D、调合漆，又称调和漆。它是常用的一种油漆。质地较软，均匀，稀稠适度，耐腐蚀，耐晒，长久不裂，遮盖力强，耐久性好，施工方便。它分油性调和漆和磁性调和漆两种，后者现名多丹调和漆。在室内适宜于磁性调和漆，这种调和漆比油性调和漆好，漆膜较硬，光亮平滑，但耐候性较油性调和漆差。
F、 清漆，
清漆又分为油基清漆和树酯清漆两大类，前者俗称“凡立水”，后者俗称“泡立水”，是一种不含颜料的透明涂料。清漆有以下几种：
●酯胶清漆，又称耐水清漆。漆膜光亮，耐水性好，但光泽不持久，干燥性差。适宜于木制家具、门窗、板壁的涂刷和金属表面的罩光。
●酚醛清漆，俗称永明漆。干燥较快，漆膜坚韧耐久，光泽好，耐热、耐水、耐弱酸碱，缺点是漆膜易泛黄、较脆。适用于木制家具门窗、板壁的涂刷和金属表面的罩光。
●醇酸清漆，又称三宝漆。这种漆的附着力、光泽度、耐久性比前两种好。它干燥快，硬度高，可抛光、打磨，色泽光亮。但膜脆、耐热、抗大气性较差。适于涂刷室内门窗、地面、家具等。
●硝基清漆，又称清喷漆、腊克。具有干燥快、坚硬、光亮、耐磨、耐久等特点，是一种高级涂料，适于木材、金属表面的涂复装饰，用于高级的门窗、板壁、扶手。
●虫胶清漆，又名泡立水、酒精凡立水，也简称漆片。它是用虫胶片溶于95度以上的酒精中制得的溶液。这种漆使用方便，干燥快，漆膜坚硬光亮。缺点是耐水性、耐候性差，日光暴晒会失光，热水浸烫会泛白。一般用于室内木器家具的涂饰。
●丙烯酸清漆。它可常温干燥，具有良好的耐候性、耐光性、耐热性、防霉性及附着力，但耐汽油性较差。适于喷涂经阳极氧化处理过的铝合金表面。在木材涂饰中用作封闭剂，漆膜坚硬光亮，能绝缘，干燥迅速，遇热水易泛白，附着力较好，主要适用于木器、家具等。易受潮受热影响的物件不宜适用。
G、瓷漆，是以清漆为基料，加入颜料研磨制成的，涂层干燥后呈磁光色彩而涂膜坚硬，常用的有酚醛瓷漆和醇酸瓷漆两类，适合于金属窗纱网格等。防锈漆有锌黄、铁红环氧脂底漆，漆膜坚韧耐久，附着力好，若与乙烯磷化底漆配合使用，可提高耐热性，抗盐雾性，适用沿海地区及温热带的金属材料打底。
家庭装饰，使用最多的是聚氨脂木器漆，和门窗醇脂磁漆、醇酸调和漆。聚氨脂木器漆中含有甲苯二异氨酸脂，它是一种有害物质，具有催泪作用，也会使皮肤轻度着色，它的蒸气会对呼吸道有强烈的刺激，即使在低浓度的蒸气下也会有2－5％的人产生类似于过敏性气喘的过敏反应。醇脂、醇酸类漆使用的有机溶剂如松节油、松节水、汽油、丙酮、乙醚等气味难闻，甚至熏得人难受。有些假冒伪劣产品以涤纶废丝代替醇酸树脂，并使用超强溶剂和纯苯，后果就更为严重。使用时要特别注意选择良好产品。居室涂刷过后要适时通风，新居装修过后更好空置1－2个月，经通风后才能入住。
H、超级环保的植物型油漆
已经面世的天然植物型油漆涂料从原料选择到加工制造，均与化工涂料不同。它的原料选自亚麻子油、橙子油、梧桐油、大麻树脂、松脂、枇杷油等十几种天然植物，是采用顺应自然生态平衡的高新工艺技术进行合成的新的油漆涂料。就像古代就开始利用的制作漆器的桐油一样，天然植物型油漆涂料可涂在居室墙顶面和家具表面，在涂刷作业中和涂刷以后挥发时，都不会对人体产生任何危害。由于天然植物型油漆涂料的颜料和稀释溶剂也是由天然植物中提取，因此也不含挥发性有害气体，工作人员可在密闭的空间环境下施工，涂刷后即可进住。即使所残留的物质不断挥发出去，也能重新回到大自然中循环。另外，来自植物中的各种成分同自然生态环境有着亲和力，这样在涂刷作业时，施工人员能闻到一股橙子或松树叶的气味，让人感到清新，不会像化工涂料那样，刺激人们流泪、咽喉不适，甚至引发其它的病患。
六、乳胶漆
木器漆和乳胶漆统称为涂料，总分为油性、水性两种，油性漆以有机溶剂为分散介质；水性漆以水为分散介质。According to分散方式的不同，水性涂料又可分为水溶性和水分散性两种。乳胶漆是水分散性涂料，它是以合成树脂乳液为基料，填料经过研磨分散后加入各种助剂精制而成的涂料。依照特点及适用范围，乳胶漆分为内墙乳胶漆、外墙乳胶漆、其他特种漆等。
内墙漆侧重于色彩、耐碱性、防霉性；外墙漆侧重于抗紫外线和防水性。
涂料的比较:
涂料，习惯上我们也称之为油漆。是装修中的一道必需的菜式。不管是高级装修，或者普通装修，都会和油漆多多少少扯上关系。在这一节，我们将会来讨论油漆的种类和一些注意事项，当然，由于油漆的品种实在是太多了，我们只讨论属于装修的部分。
一、 涂料的用途
涂料对于被施用的对象来说，它的第一个用途是保护表面，第二个用途是修饰作用。就以木制品来说，由于木制品表面属多孔结构，不耐脏污。同时木制品的表面多节眼，不够美观。而涂料就能同时解决这方面的问题。
二、 涂料的分类
1、 按部位不同，油漆主要分为墙漆、木器漆和金属漆。墙漆包括了外墙漆、内墙漆和顶面漆，它主要是乳胶漆等品种；木漆主要有硝基漆、聚氨脂漆 etc.，金属漆主要是磁漆。
2、 按状态不同，油漆又可分为水性漆和油性漆。乳胶漆是主要的水性漆，而硝基漆、聚脂氨漆等多属于油性漆。
3、 按功能不同，油漆又可分为很多种：防水漆、防火漆、防霉漆、防蚊漆、及具有多种功能的多功能漆 etc.。
4、 按作用形态又可分为挥发性漆和不挥发性漆。
5、按表面效果上来分，又可分为透明漆、半透明漆和不透明漆。
三、 涂料的品种
1、 木器漆。
1) 硝基清漆。硝基清漆是一种由硝化棉、醇酸树脂、增塑剂及有机溶剂调制而成的透明漆，属挥发性油漆，具有干燥快、光泽柔和等特点。硝基清漆分为亮光、半哑光和哑光三种，可According to需要选用。硝基漆也有其缺点：高湿天气易泛白、丰满度低，硬度低。
2) 手扫漆。属于硝基清漆的一种，是由硝化棉，各种合成树脂，颜料及有机溶剂调制而成的一种非透明漆。此漆专为人工施工而配制，更具有快干特征。
3) 硝基漆的主要辅助剂
a.天那水。它是由酯、醇、苯、酮类等有机溶剂混合而成的一种具有香蕉气味的无色透明液体。主要起调合硝基漆及起固化作用。
b.化白水，也叫防白水，术名为乙二醇单丁醚。在潮湿天气施工时，漆膜会有发白现象，适当加入稀释剂量10~15％的硝基磁化白水即可消除．
2) 聚酯漆。它是用聚酯树脂为主要成膜物制成的一种厚质漆。聚脂漆的漆膜丰满，层厚面硬。聚脂漆同样拥有清漆品种，叫聚脂清漆。
聚脂漆施工过程中需要进行固化，这些固化剂的份量占了油漆总份量三分之一。这些固化剂也称为硬化剂，其主要成分是TDI(甲苯二异氰酸酯/toluene diisocyanate)。这些处于游离状态的TDI会变黄，不但使家私漆面变黄，同样也会使邻近的墙面变黄，这是聚脂漆的一大缺点。目前市面上已经出现了耐黄变聚脂漆，但也只能做'耐黄'而已，还不能做到完全防止变黄的情况。另外，超出标准的游离TDI还会对人体造成伤害。游离TDI对人体的危害主要是致敏和刺激作用，包括造成疼痛流泪、结膜充血、咳嗽胸闷、气急哮喘、红色丘疹、斑丘疹、接触性过敏性皮炎等症状。国际上对于游离TDI的限制标准是控制在0.5%以下。
4) 聚氨脂漆。
聚氨脂漆聚氨酯漆即聚氨基甲酸酯漆。它漆膜强韧，光泽丰满，附着力强，耐水耐磨、耐腐蚀性。被广泛用于高级木器家具，也可用于金属表面。其缺点主要有遇潮起泡，漆膜粉化等问题，与聚脂漆一样，它同样存在着变黄的问题。
聚氨脂漆的清漆品种称为聚氨脂清漆。
2、 内墙漆
内墙漆主要可分为水溶性漆和乳胶漆。
一般装修采用的是乳胶漆。乳胶漆即是乳液性涂料，按照基材的不同，分为聚醋酸乙烯乳液和丙烯酸乳液两大类。乳胶漆以水为稀释剂，是一种施工方便、安全、耐水洗、透气性好的的漆种，它可According to不同的配色方案调配出不同的色泽。
The ingredients of latex paint are basically composed of water, pigments, emulsions, fillers and various additives. These raw materials are not toxic. As for latex paint, the main substances that may be toxic are ethylene glycol in the film forming agent and organic mercury in the antifungal agent. At present, there is a lot of noise on the market about the poisonous latex paint, which is mainly caused by the ignorance of the information publishers. These people believe that latex paint is poisonous without analyzing what kind of paint the wall paint is. responsible approach.
At present, the so-called 'latex paint' that contains a lot of formaldehyde on the market is actually water-soluble paint, not latex paint. Some unscrupulous manufacturers use inferior water-soluble paint to fake latex paint. Therefore, choosing authentic products and maintaining ventilation are effective ways to prevent pollution.
3. Exterior wall paint
The basic performance of exterior wall latex paint is similar to that of interior wall latex paint. But the paint film is harder and has stronger water resistance. Exterior wall latex paint is generally used on exterior walls, and can also be used in high-humidity places such as toilets.
Of course, the latex paint on the exterior wall can be used inside, but please don't try to use the latex paint on the interior wall outside.
4. Fireproof paint
Fire retardant paint is a kind of flame retardant coating made of various materials such as film formers, flame retardants, and foaming agents. Due to the extensive use of flammable materials such as wood and cloth in the home, fire prevention is already a topic worth mentioning.
Fourth, the choice of paint
1. Choose the appropriate paint according to your needs. Don't blindly pursue a kind of 'advanced', let alone buy some low-quality products for cheap.
2. Try to buy these paints in specialty stores or large stores, and pay attention to the pros and cons of their packaging.
