Regarding the preparation of water-based intumescent fireproof coatings, it is mainly through the orthogonal design method to design a three-factor two-level L4 (23) orthogonal table to determine the addition of emulsion and titanium dioxide; again using the orthogonal design According to the method, a L9(34) orthogonal table with 4 factors and 3 digits was formulated to determine the amount of functional fillers, and finally a better configuration plan for water-based intumescent fireproof coatings was determined. After self-made fire resistance performance testing device and horse Furnace test was conducted to investigate its fire-resistant performance, and finally the selection of emulsion, functional fillers and additives was discussed.