How to test the drop test of large shipping packages?

The drop test of large transport packages cannot use the free drop impact test method, but the support drop test method, because it is impossible for large transport packages to fall freely during loading and unloading, which is obviously different from the drop situation of general transport packages . The drop test of large transport packages is also divided into surface drop test, edge drop test and corner drop test.

(1) Surface drop test

The principle of surface drop test for large transport packages is shown in Figure 6-19. Place the package on the ground, lift a bottom edge to the predetermined drop height, and then let it fall freely. During the test, each bottom edge should be placed on the ground, and the bottom surface should be dropped not less than once. The method of lifting the bottom edge of the package can be lifted by a crane or other lifting device, or the bottom edge can be supported by a support that can guarantee a predetermined drop height, and then the support can be pulled out quickly by other equipment.

(2) edge drop test

The principle of the edge drop test for large transport packages is shown in Figure 6-20. The package is placed on the ground, and then a bottom edge of the end surface of the package is padded with a flat pad , 10~15cm away from the ground. Then lift the bottom edge on the opposite side of the bottom of the package to the predetermined drop height, and then let it fall freely. During the test, the edge of each bottom edge is dropped not less than once. The method of lifting the bottom edge of the package is the same as the surface drop test. It can be lifted by a crane or other lifting device, or the bottom edge can be supported by a support that can guarantee a predetermined drop height, and then the support can be pulled out quickly with other equipment.

Figure 6-19 Principle of the surface drop test                  for large transport packages Figure 6-20 Principle of the edge drop test for large transport packages

          1-support; 2-drop height                                     1-support; 2-flat block; 3-drop height

(3) Corner drop test

The principle of the corner drop test for large transport packages is shown in Figure 6-21. First, the two corners adjacent to raised by about 10cm and 25cm with inclined pads and flat pads. Lift the bottom corner opposite to the corner to the predetermined drop height, and then make it fall freely. During the corner drop test, the corners of each bottom surface shall be dropped no less than twice. The method of lifting and releasing the falling corner can be lifted by a crane or other lifting device, and a device that can be quickly disengaged is installed at the sling above the top surface of the package; or the corner of the package that will be dropped is supported by a support, Then use other equipment to quickly pull the support device out.

(4) Drop height

The drop height for large transport packages is determined according to the weight of the package and the category of conditions of circulation. For the same package, the selection of the drop height is the same in the surface drop, edge drop, and corner drop tests. As shown in Table 6-18, Class I circulation conditions refer to the situation where there are many times of loading and unloading and poor operating conditions; Class II circulation conditions refer to the situation with fewer loading and unloading times and better operating conditions. For large transport packages of military products, the drop height specified in Class I should be selected.

Table 6-18 Drop height of large transport packages

(5 ) Test results

After the test, deflection of the skids, deformation of the diagonals of the package, and other damage shall be measured. For military packages, after the test, the damage of the contents should be checked, including whether the sealed inner package has lost its seal, whether the positioning parts in the package have been displaced, and whether the product has been damaged.