Measurement principle of Rockwell hardness and Brinell hardness

Abstract: 本文讲述了洛氏硬度和布氏硬度的测量原理。洛氏硬度测试通过金刚石锥或淬硬钢球在载荷下对材料进行压制，测量压痕的深度来确定硬度。通常来讲，压痕越深，材料越软；压痕越浅，材料越硬。布氏硬度测试则是通过将直径为D的淬火钢球压入材料表面，并在卸载后测量压痕的直径d，计算载荷与压痕面积的比值来表示硬度，符号为HB。文章还提供了有关硬度计的技术参数，包括不同的试验力和压头类型，以及适用的标准和材料类型。总体而言，洛氏硬度适用于高硬度材料的测试，而布氏硬度适用于测量材料的压痕面积，适用范围广泛。

There are many types of Hardness Testers, and the commonly used methods are Rockwell Hardness Tester, Brinell Hardness Tester, Vickers Hardness Tester and microhardness test method. Rockwell hardness measurement is one of the commonly used hardness testing methods. It is represented by the plastic deformation of the pressed material by the indenter (diamond cone or hardened steel ball) under the action of load (including preload and main load). Generally, the greater the indentation depth of the material, the softer the material; the smaller the indentation concentration, the harder the material. Indicates the measurement principle of Rockwell hardness.

The principle of Brinell hardness measurement is to press a quenched steel ball with a diameter of D into the surface of the sample and keep it for a certain period of time, then remove the load, measure the indentation diameter d of the steel ball on the surface of the sample, and calculate the indentation area. Calculate the ratio of load to indentation area, and the hardness expressed by this ratio is Brinell hardness, which is represented by the symbol HB.