Classification of coatings

There are more than 1,000 kinds of paints on the market, with different designs and colors, and different names, but according to the different properties of the ingredients , the commonly used paints are divided into the following categories:

A. Large lacquer is also called natural lacquer

It can be divided into raw lacquer and cooked lacquer. Raw lacquer is poisonous and the paint film is rough. It is rarely used directly. After processing or modification, it can be made into various refined coatings. The cooked lacquer is suitable for drying in a humid environment. The resulting paint film has good gloss, good toughness, high stability and strong acid resistance, but it dries slowly. Improved quick-drying paint and iron yellow paint have low toxicity, tough paint film, can be sprayed and brushed, easy to construct, acid and water resistant, and are suitable for advanced coatings.

B. Clear oil

Also known as cooked oil and blended paint. It can be used as a blending oil for original paint and anti-rust paint, or it can be used alone. Some varnishes (thin and thick lacquer and red lead) can be applied separately to wood or metal to prevent rust and corrosion. Add an appropriate amount of pigment to make a colored varnish.

C. thick paint

Also known as lead oil. It is made by mixing and grinding pigments and earth oils. It needs to be diluted with oil and solvent before use. Widely used as a surface primer, or alone as a surface coating. Suitable for buildings with low requirements, wood primer and filling material for water pipe joints.

D. Ready to mix paint

Also known as ready-mixed paint. It is commonly used paint. Uniform softness, moderate thickness, corrosion resistance, sun resistance, durability and convenient construction. It is divided into oil-based blending paint and magnetic blending paint, the latter is now called Dodan blending paint. Suitable for interior magnetic blending paints. This kind of blending paint is better than oil-based blending paint. The paint film is hard, bright and smooth, but its weather resistance is worse than that of oil-based blending paint.

E. Latex paint

Wood paint and latex paint are collectively referred to as paint, which can be divided into oil-based paint and water-based paint. Organic solvents are used as the dispersion medium of oil-based paints; water-based paints use water as the dispersion medium. According to different dispersion methods, water-based coatings can be divided into two types: water-soluble coatings and water-dispersible coatings. Latex paint is a kind of water-dispersed paint that is refined by adding various additives after the filler is ground and dispersed, based on synthetic resin emulsion. Latex paint can be divided into interior wall latex paint, exterior wall latex paint, and other special paints according to its characteristics and scope of application.

The interior wall paint pays attention to color, alkali resistance and mildew resistance; the exterior wall paint pays attention to UV resistance and water resistance.

F. Varnish

Varnishes can also be divided into two categories: oil-based varnishes and resin varnishes. The former is commonly known as "Fan Lishui", and the latter is commonly known as "Pao Lishui", which is a transparent paint without pigment. The varnishes are as follows:

●Ester glue varnish, also known as waterproof varnish. The paint film is bright and has good water resistance, but the gloss is not long-lasting and the drying is poor. It is suitable for coating wooden furniture, doors and windows, panel walls and covering metal surfaces.

●酚醛清漆，俗称永明漆。干燥快，漆膜坚韧耐用，光泽度好，耐热、耐水、耐弱酸弱碱。缺点是漆膜容易变黄变脆。适用于木制家具的门、窗、板墙的涂装及金属表面的上光。

●醇酸清漆，又称三宝漆。这种涂料比前两种有更好的附着力、光泽度和耐久性。干燥快，硬度高，可抛光、抛光，色泽鲜艳。但薄膜易碎、耐热、耐空气。适用于室内门窗、地板、家具等的涂装。

●硝基清漆，又称清漆和漆。它具有干燥快、硬度、光亮度、耐磨性、耐用性等特点。是一种高档涂料，适用于木材和金属表面的涂装和装饰，用于高档门窗、面板墙、扶手等。

●虫胶清漆，又称泡静水和醇静水，又称漆片。它是将虫胶片溶解在95度以上的酒精中制成的溶液。该涂料使用方便，干燥快，漆膜坚硬明亮。缺点是耐水性和耐候性差。当暴露在阳光下时，它会失去光，当热水浸泡时，它会变白。一般用于室内木质家具的整理。

●丙烯酸清漆。常温下可干燥，耐候性、耐光性、耐热性、耐霉性和附着力好，但耐汽油性较差。适用于铝合金阳极氧化表面喷涂。它被用作木材整理的封口剂。漆膜坚硬明亮。绝缘性好，干燥快，遇热水易变白，附着力好。主要适用于木工、家具等行业。易受湿热影响的物品不宜使用。

G.瓷漆

将清漆磨成基材，加入颜料制成的。干燥后，涂层呈磁光色，漆膜较硬。常用的有酚醛搪瓷和醇酸搪瓷，适用于金属窗网。防锈漆包括锌黄、铁红环氧树脂底漆。漆膜坚韧耐用，附着力好。若与乙烯磷化底漆配合使用，可提高耐热性和耐盐雾性。适用于沿海地区和热带地区的金属材料打底。

In terms of home decoration, polyurethane wood lacquer, alkyd enamel, and alkyd lacquer for doors and windows are widely used. Polyurethane wood lacquers contain toluidine diisocyanate, a harmful substance that induces tearing and slightly tints the skin. Its vapors are highly irritating to the respiratory tract. Even at low concentrations of vapor, 2-5% of people will experience an allergic reaction similar to allergic asthma. The organic solvents used in alcohol greases and alkyd paints, such as turpentine, turpentine, gasoline, acetone, ether, etc., smell unpleasant and even uncomfortable. Some counterfeit and shoddy products use polyester waste instead of alkyd resin, use super strong solvents and pure benzene, and the consequences are even more serious. Pay special attention to the selection of good products during use. After painting, the room should be ventilated. After the new house is decorated, it will be empty for 1-2 months, and then move in after ventilating.

H. Super environmental protection vegetable coating

The natural plant coatings introduced are different from chemical coatings from raw material selection to processing and manufacturing. Its raw materials are more than ten kinds of natural plants such as linseed oil, orange oil, sycamore oil, hemp resin, pine resin, loquat oil, etc. It is a new type of paint that is in line with the natural ecological balance and is synthesized by high technology. Just like the tung oil used to make lacquerware in ancient times, this natural plant paint can be painted on the top of the room wall and the surface of the furniture, and it will not cause any harm to the human body during and after painting. Since the pigments and diluting solvents of natural plant paints are also extracted from natural plants, they do not contain volatile harmful gases. Crews can work in enclosed space environments and can enter after painting. Even if the remaining substances continue to volatilize, they can be returned to nature for recycling. In addition, various ingredients from plants have affinity with the natural ecological environment, so when painting, construction personnel can smell the smell of orange leaves or pine leaves, which makes people feel fresh and does not irritate people to cry and throat like chemical paint Discomfort, and even cause other patients.