How to measure cell wall thickness and cell cavity diameter?

The method for measuring cell wall thickness and lumen diameter is as follows:

• Light Microscopy: Uses a microscope to look at cell walls and cell lumens in slices of plant tissue. The thickness of the cell wall and the diameter of the lumen can be measured using the scale in the microscope or image processing software.

• Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): The structure of cell walls and cell lumens can be observed more clearly with SEM. Cell wall thickness and lumen diameter can be measured using the scale bars in the SEM images.

• Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Ultra-high-resolution images of cell walls and lumens can be observed with TEM, and cell wall thickness and lumen diameter can be measured using the scale bars in TEM images.

• Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Cell walls and lumens can be measured non-destructively with sub-nanometer precision using AFM. Cell wall thickness and lumen diameter can be measured by the scale bars in the AFM images.

These methods above can be used alone or in combination to obtain more comprehensive and accurate measurements of cell wall thickness and lumen diameter.